Intellectual property amalungelo (IPR) ulwazi'
Kubalulekile ukukhusela ulwazi generated ngabo bonke namashishini abucala nemibutho ukuze thatha ithuba inzuzo ingathatha okunokwenzeka isivunoOnjalo umyalelo wokhuselo, apho ngesingesi-ukuthetha amazwe kubhekiswa kuwo njengoko uthotho exclusive amalungelo ukuze akhusele innovative umsebenzi (iimveliso ezintsha, iinkqubo okanye designs) kwaye abarhwebayo umsebenzi yi-indlela exclusively identifying iimveliso neenkonzo kwiindawo zentengiso (iimpawu zokurhweba norhwebo amagama). Kwimizi-mveliso intellectual property amalungelo abanye a libanzi umqolo neenkqubo zomthetho iifomu, kuquka patents, into eluncedo models, mveliso designs, enew iintlobo ezithile izityalo, iimpawu zokurhweba, lemveliso amagama, urhwebo afihlakeleyo, ikhompyutha iinkqubo copyright, phakathi kwezinye. I-uthotho exclusive amalungelo ukuze akhusele innovative umsebenzi (iimveliso ezintsha, iinkqubo okanye designs) kwaye abarhwebayo umsebenzi yi-indlela exclusively identifying iimveliso neenkonzo kwiindawo zentengiso (iimpawu zokurhweba norhwebo amagama). Uninzi inventions isikhondo ukususela kwisithuba imibutho (yamafama, iyunivesithi, njl.
njl.) umntu inventors zibizwa ngokuba kujike rare, oko kuthetha ukuba umnini iziphumo R I mna bamthwala ngaphandle yi-oyedwa kwi-umda we-elinolwazi umsebenzi kufuneka regulated.
(inventions eyenziwe abasebenzi ngexesha labo isivumelwano okanye inkonzo ubudlelwane kunye ingxelo yeshishini ihlala isebenza kwaye apho kukho ngenxa a uphando umsebenzi ukuze mhlawumbi osebenzayo ukuvumela okanye implicitly yinxalenye injongo yabo isivumelwano, belong ukuba umqeshi, okanye ukuba jikelele inika indlela entsha ukwenza into okanye omtsha enzima isisombululo ingxaki. Ngamanye amazwi, kuyinto yethutyana kwaye territorial elilodwa ukuba owonga ngalo phezu kwayo holder amandla ukunqanda nabangenamvume wesithathu amaqela ukusuka nemizi-mveliso, kuthengiswa okanye utilising i-ezikhuselweyo invention. ibandakanya yonke into ukuba iyafumaneka kwi-wonke, nangayiphina kwaye kuyo nayiphi na indawo, phambi ukunikezelwa komthetho patent isicelo. i-invention sele inventive umsebenzi ukuba i-ingcali entsimini ingaba cinga kubalulekile evidently iziphumo i-community imeko -aph. i-invention sibonwa ukuba abe osebenza ishishini xa kunokwenzeka manufactured nangaluphi na uhlobo ishishini, kuquka kwezolimo. Ke ngoko, enew inventions ukuba bonisa ubungqina inventive umsebenzi kwaye kusenokuba isetyenziswe kwi-industry kusenokuba patented. Ngoko ke, umgaqo-nkqubo, nemizi-mveliso indlela, umatshini okanye appliance, imveliso okanye ethile, ukusetyenziswa efanayo babe zonke kuba injongo a patent. Umthetho amaphepha-mvume le imveliso ukuba kwenziwa okanye ziqulathe biological mba, kwaye admits imigaqo leyo ukuvelisa, ukuguqula okanye sebenzisa olu hlobo izinto. Umfaki-sicelo kuba patent kufuneka zichaza zabo invention enjalo ukuba i-avareji ingcali entsimini ayikwazi ukusebenzisa oko. Publicising i-invention phambi kokufaka i-patent isicelo ucima ngaphandle ukwenza inguqulelo entsha. Kubalulekile ke ngoko vital kuba wafumana hayi disseminate nangayiphina inkqubo invention ukuba lowo okanye yena abe anomdla patenting, kuquka inkomfa, upapasho olulodwa, kwi-intanethi, njalo-njalo. phambi nokubhalisa kuyo. Discoveries, ezenzululwazi theories, mathematical iindlela, kuncwadi, ezenzululwazi okanye artistic imisebenzi okanye nayiphi na enye aesthetic ndalo, imigaqo okanye iindlela kuba oqhuba intellectual, recreational okanye kwezoqoqosho nokuthengisa umsebenzi azinako patented. Iindlela surgical ka-therapeutic unyango okanye iindlela diagnosis kuba oluntu okanye imizimba yezilwanyana asingawo mbasa ukuba abe inventions ka-kunokwenzeka-mveliso isicelo kwaye njalo ke azinako patented. Nangona kunjalo, patentable neemveliso ziquka * okanye compositions kwaye inventions lemiboniso okanye izixhobo kuba kwesicwangciso aforementioned iindlela. Inventions ephikisana umthetho nocwangco, iintlobo ezithile izityalo (ezikhuselweyo yi-kwezabo ezikhethekileyo imithetho), yezilwanyana breeds okanye essentially biological iinkqubo intended ukufumana mzi-iintlobo ezithile okanye yezilwanyana breeds asingawo eligible for wenkuselo ngendlela a patent either. Patents kwi-Spain, njengoko kunjalo ezininzi amazwe ehlabathini, ingaba awarded isithuba seminyaka engamashumi amabini eminyaka ukususela ngomhla we-aplikeshini. Emva kweli xesha, patented injongo uba-wonke ummandla kwaye kusenokuba exploited yi-wesithathu amaqela.
Umthetho-siseko territoriality kuthetha ukuba umyalelo wokhuselo kuphela wazuza kwi-amazwe apho patent sibhaliswe.
Ke ngoko, nokubhalisa i-patent kwilizwe akakwazi kubonelela oluzenzekelayo umyalelo wokhuselo kwamanye amazwe. Kangangokuba, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko yi-nokubhalisa ngasinye omnye. Kukho ezinye ngamazwe iinkqubo apho ukuququzelela okukhusela i-invention ngendlela ezahlukeneyo amazwe: European Patent Convention (EPC) okanye Patent Intsebenziswano Treaty (PCT). Ilungelo ukubaluleka ibeka phantsi ukuba, ukususela ngomhla wokuqala patent isicelo made kwilizwe, umfaki-sicelo unelungelo ixesha ezilishumi nambini ukuba isicelo umyalelo wokhuselo kwamanye amazwe ngokwenza izicelo emva apho ukubaluleka wokuqala isicelo iya kuba cited. Ngoko ke, zonke izicelo emva ingaba ithathwe kwi-kwenziwa ngomhla we-umhla wokuqala ngamanye amazwi, baya kuba 'ekuqaleni' phezu izicelo ezenziwe nge-abanye abantu kuba efanayo invention kwi-isithuba phakathi umhla wokuqala isicelo kwaye emva kwemihla ka-ntetho ngomhla ezahlukeneyo wesizwe ii-ofisi. isicelo ke kuthathelwe ukuchaza phambi-ekhoyo imo aph xa isicelo sakho ngu-examined. Njalo-sicelo unelungelo ixesha ezilishumi nambini lokugqiba apho amazwe wathi yena unqwenela ukuba isicelo umyalelo wokhuselo, kwaye akanalo ukuba ikho zonke izicelo ngexesha elinye. okanye EPO Oku European indlela inika umyalelo wokhuselo nge-European patent isicelo ayingenisileyo, omnye patent ofisi (EPO) kuphela. I-sicelo kufuneka singeniswe kwi-lunye ulwimi (isingesi, isifrentshi okanye isijamani) kwi-European States apho umyalelo wokhuselo ngu-babuza, ngokubonelela ngabo yinxalenye European Patent Intsebenziswano Treaty (PCT). European Patent-Ofisi iinkqubo zonke European patent applications, abathe efanayo ukusebenza njengoko na wesizwe patent kuyo nganye States ngabo awarded kuba.
Kukho u - ezintathu -dimensional-mveliso designs
Yamazwe ngamazwe PCT amise inkqubo ye-ngamazwe ukwandiswa kwesivumelwano patents.
Ngokusebenzisa le nkqubo umyalelo wokhuselo i invention yesichumiso kuba yi-presenting enye isicelo nganye signatory states ukuba PCT (amazwe ngokunxulumene World Intellectual Property Organisation WIPO) esikhethiweyo yi-inventor. I-PCT ayiyo patent concession umgaqo-nkqubo njenge European route, okanye ngaba oko buyisela wesizwe concessions likwenza, nangona kunjalo, unify i-ukuqhubela ngamazwe umyalelo wokhuselo. Olu hlobo umyalelo wokhuselo ngu alungiselelwe inventions ukuba, nangona ekubeni entsha kwaye ngenxa inventive umsebenzi, consist ka-endowing i-object kunye uqwalaselo, isakhiwo okanye umgaqo-siseko ukuba sibonelela appreciable isebenziseke luncedo xa oko iza kusetyenziswa okanye ezikhuthaza injongo (isitshixo ubume ngu 'into eluncedo', akunjalo na into ngu 'aesthetics').
Ngabo awarded isithuba seminyaka elishumi kwaye musa, ke ngoko, anike umyalelo wokhuselo kuba njengoko ixesha elide njengoko patents.
Le ndlela ingakumbi suited ukuba ukukhusela izixhobo, iinjongo kunye nezinye izixhobo kuba isebenziseke sebenzisa. Omtsha umthetho amabini anesine, amabini anesine julayi, kwi Patents, apho uqalisa ukusebenza ngomhla omnye kuepreli, amise ukuba nayiphi na imveliso okanye ukwakhiwa, kuquka kanti compounds, zibe ezikhuselweyo njengoko into eluncedo imodeli, nangona biological iimveliso kunye pharmaceutical compounds ingaba osebenzayo ukuvumela ayifakwanga. I-mveliso designs ingaba othile uhlobo umyalelo wokhuselo kuba imilo creations (kwesi sehlo, isitshixo umba ngu 'aesthetics'). I-mveliso uyilo inika umnini exclusive amalungelo phezu inkangeleko yonke okanye inxalenye imveliso, stemming ingakumbi ukususela imisebenzi lemigca, imiqolo, colours, imilo, ukuvakala okanye mathiriyali ka-noba imveliso ngokwayo okanye yayo umhombiso. unika i-exclusive ilungelo sebenzisa imveliso okanye inkonzo kwiindawo zentengiso. Iimpawu zokurhweba kusenokuba amazwi okanye izayamaniso amazwi, imifanekiso, amanani, iimpawu, iileta, imivo kwaye ezintathu -dimensional iimilo. A unika i-exclusive ilungelo sebenzisa ethile phawula okanye igama ukuchonga ingxelo yeshishini.
Lemveliso amagama musa kufuneka coincide kunye amagama ezingama-njengoko baya kuvela Iinkampani Indlu.
Ukukhusela a lemveliso igama usebenza nationally. kusenokuba ezikhuselweyo kunye ukusebenza kuwo yonke European Union yi-nokufaka isicelo ehambelana zoluntu trademark kwi-Intellectual property ingaba uthotho amalungelo ukuba creators nezinye abanini-mhlaba (abazobi, abalimi, radio yosasazo imibutho, njl. njl.) kuba phezu imisebenzi neemfanelo ukuba isikhondo ukusuka zabo nendalo. Luquka kuncwadi, neentetho artistic creations, njalo-njalo. Ngokungafaniyo ne-mveliso nezakhiwo, intellectual property uqalisa ekubeni ngexesha elinye njengoko kwendalo, apho akanalo ukuba abe ebhalisiweyo. Oku kwaziwa njenge 'copyright'. Nangona kunjalo, nangona hayi ke kuyimfuneko ukuba bamba eli lungelo, Spain kuyenzeka ukubhalisa ndalo kwi-Intellectual Property-Ofisi. Kwi-Spain, njengoko kwi-bubonke European amazwe, isoftwe azinako patented, njengoko Patent Umthetho osebenzayo ukuvumela alibabali kukuwahlengahlengisa ukusuka uluhlu inventions eligible for a patent. Nayiphina isoftwe, kunye uxwebhu oqhotyoshelweyo, ezikhuselweyo nge copyright njengoko intellectual property, nangona ezongezelelweyo amanyathelo ka-protection ingaba elicetyiswayo, ezifana eshiya ngokwendlela custody a notary-wonke. Inika isemthethweni umyalelo wokhuselo kuba ezahlukeneyo iifomu ka-mveliso nezakhiwo yi-awarding patents, into eluncedo models kwaye mveliso designs, phakathi kwezinye. Kuba European patent izicelo.
I-centralised ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo inika umyalelo wokhuselo kwi-ezinye okanye zonke Ichaza ukuba endorse European Patent Sivumelwano.
Enye kuphela isicelo ezifunekayo kulo enye ezintathu ezisemthethweni (isingesi, isifrentshi okanye isijamani). Sebenzisa yi-European Commission, IPR-Helpdesk inikezela ezisisiseko isemthethweni uncedo, ingakumbi kwi-R I projectos financed yi-European Union.
Portal yenziwe yi-national patent ii-ofisi, i-EPO kwaye EUIPO ukunika ulwazi intellectual kwaye mveliso nezakhiwo amalungelo wabo umsebenzisi-nkonzo.
Free isebenziseke ulwazi intellectual kwaye mveliso nezakhiwo amalungelo kwi-China, isilatini i-american kwaye Umzantsimpuma e-Asia, ikakhulu alungiselelwe SMEs European Urhwebo Marko kwaye Uyilo Womnatha yi zidibene uthotho iindlela zokusebenza yenzelwe ukuxhasa abasebenzisi ekuzuzeni eyona kunokwenzeka lwenkonzo wesizwe, nakwiimeko EU imizimba ukuba banoxanduva kuba Urhwebo Marko kwaye Uyilo umyalelo wokhuselo.
